Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge was the 30th President of the United States, serving from 1923 to 1929. He is known for his…
Calvin Coolidge was the 30th President of the United States, serving from 1923 to 1929. He is known for his quiet demeanor, small-government policies, and presidency during a period of economic prosperity known as the “Roaring Twenties.”
Early Life and Career
Birth and Education:
Born: John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was born on July 4, 1872, in Plymouth Notch, Vermont. He is the only U.S. president to have been born on Independence Day.
Education: Coolidge attended Amherst College in Massachusetts, where he graduated with honors in 1895. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1897.
Political Career:
Early Positions: Coolidge began his political career in local politics, serving in various capacities such as city councilman, city solicitor, and mayor of Northampton, Massachusetts.
State Politics: He progressed to state politics, serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives and later as lieutenant governor. He became governor of Massachusetts in 1919.
Rise to National Prominence
Boston Police Strike:
1919 Strike: Coolidge gained national fame for his handling of the Boston Police Strike in 1919. His firm stance against the strikers, emphasizing law and order, resonated with the public and bolstered his reputation as a decisive leader.
Vice Presidency:
1920 Election: Coolidge was chosen as the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920, running with Warren G. Harding. The Harding-Coolidge ticket won a landslide victory.
Presidency
Assumption of Office:
Harding’s Death: Coolidge became president on August 2, 1923, following the sudden death of President Harding. He was sworn in by his father, a notary public, at their family home in Vermont.
Domestic Policies:
Economic Policy: Coolidge was a proponent of laissez-faire economics, advocating for limited government intervention in the economy. His administration reduced taxes and government spending, which contributed to the economic prosperity of the 1920s.
Regulatory Stance: He favored business interests and deregulation, which aligned with the era’s economic boom.
Foreign Policy:
Isolationism: Coolidge’s foreign policy was characterized by a commitment to isolationism, avoiding entangling alliances and focusing on promoting peace through diplomacy.
Kellogg-Briand Pact: His administration supported the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, which aimed to renounce war as a national policy.
Social Issues:
Civil Rights: Coolidge advocated for civil rights, supporting anti-lynching legislation and speaking out against racial discrimination, although significant progress was limited during his tenure.
Legacy and Later Life
1928 Decision:
Not Seeking Re-election: Coolidge chose not to run for re-election in 1928, stating simply, “I do not choose to run for president in 1928.”
Post-Presidency:
Later Years: After leaving office, Coolidge retired to Northampton, Massachusetts, where he wrote his autobiography and contributed articles to various publications. He remained active in public affairs until his death.
Death:
Death: Coolidge died of a heart attack on January 5, 1933, at the age of 60.
Evaluation
Economic Policies: Coolidge’s presidency is often debated, with praise for his economic policies that led to short-term prosperity, but also criticism for contributing to the economic conditions that led to the Great Depression.
Public Persona: He is remembered for his reticent personality and his commitment to traditional American values and governance principles.
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